Cerebellar ataxia

• Cerebellar ataxia is a neurological condition caused by an issue with the cerebellum
• Cerebellar ataxia symptoms can include a loss of coordination, frequent falls, and a loss of balance
• Different types of cerebellar ataxia exist, each with their own outlook and treatment

Cerebellar ataxia is a neurological condition that affects a part of the brain located in the back of the head, called the cerebellum. This can cause a number of symptoms, such as a loss of coordination, lack of muscle coordination, and trouble walking. In this guide by Ada’s medical team, you’ll find more information on cerebellar ataxia, its causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

Cerebellar ataxia is a form of ataxia that is caused by a problem in the cerebellum. The cerebellum is a part of the brain located in the back of the head, which is responsible for balance, walking, and the control of your movements. Cerebellar ataxia may cause a number of symptoms, including issues with balance, walking, and coordination. 1

Cerebellar ataxia symptoms are related to balance and movement in most cases. This may include: 2 3 4

• Loss of coordination
• Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
• Frequent falls 
• Difficulty walking 
• Poor balance
• Trouble eating and swallowing
• Problems with eye movement and vision 
• Uncontrollable movements of the hands, arms, or jaws, also known as tremor
• Difficulty writing or doing other tasks that require fine movements 
• Reduced reflexes 

The symptoms of cerebellar ataxia can get worse over time, especially without treatment. The exact symptoms you are experiencing may depend on the type of cerebellar ataxia you’re suffering from. 

Cerebellar ataxia is a condition which can lead to a decrease in quality of life. It is important to visit your doctor if you notice any of the symptoms of cerebellar ataxia. If your parents or grandparents suffer from cerebellar ataxia, then it is also a good idea to visit your doctor. Through genetic testing, you can know whether or not you have inherited a faulty gene responsible for the development of the condition.

The causes of cerebellar ataxia can be acquired or inherited. Inherited forms of cerebellar ataxia such as Friedreich’s ataxia are caused by faulty genes. The faulty gene responsible for the condition can be passed along from parents to their children.

Acquired forms of cerebellar ataxia can be caused by a trauma to the head or conditions that affect the brain such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, or a brain tumor. In some cases, ataxia can also develop due to a vitamin E deficiency, excessive consumption of alcohol, or due to the presence of toxins. 2 4 1

In some cases, acute cerebellar ataxia of childhood can also occur after infection with a virus. This can happen after going through chickenpox, measles, Lyme disease and many other viral infections. Acute cerebellar ataxia is thought to be caused either by the infection itself or because of the reaction that our auto-immune system has to the infection. 6

Cerebellar ataxia is not always permanent. In children, the most common cause is infectious or post-infectious cerebellar ataxia, which is often temporary. While some types of cerebellar ataxia have no cure, treatment options can help relieve symptoms, even in advanced stages.

There are also forms of cerebellar ataxia which can improve after a while. Acute cerebellar ataxia almost always goes away within 2 weeks. Some children may experience symptoms for a longer period of time, especially older children. Some other forms of cerebellar ataxia that can improve are often linked to a vitamin deficiency or intoxication. 6

In order to diagnose cerebellar ataxia, a healthcare provider will first ask you questions about your medical history and symptoms, followed by a physical examination. If your healthcare provider suspects that you may suffer from cerebellar ataxia, then there are certain tests to be done in order to confirm the diagnosis and to rule out other conditions which may cause your symptoms. Some possible tests are: 4

• Blood tests to look for vitamin deficiencies or toxins 
• Urine tests to look for certain toxins 
• MRI or CT scan to look at the cerebellum
• A lumbar puncture to test the cerebrospinal fluid
• An EMG to see how well electrical signals are passed through your nerves
• Genetic testing to look for faulty genes that cause cerebellar ataxia 

Treatment for cerebellar ataxia depends on the underlying cause. In many cases, addressing the root cause such as an infection, autoimmune disorder, or vitamin deficiency can help manage or even resolve the ataxia. However, when the cause cannot be directly treated, therapy focuses on improving symptoms and enhancing quality of life. Symptom management may include: 2 7 8 1

• Physiotherapy to improve your balance and movements 
• Occupational therapy to support you in your daily activities
• Speech therapy to help you speak and eat 
• Medication to relieve your symptoms and treat any possible complications such as heart and bladder issues

The use of walking aids, wheelchairs, or specialized footwear

Cerebellar ataxia is a form of ataxia caused by an issue with the cerebellum. The most common symptoms of cerebellar ataxia are a loss of balance and issues with walking and muscle coordination. Some forms of cerebellar ataxia, such as acute cerebellar ataxia can be completely cured. Other forms are permanent, although there are treatment options available to relieve your symptoms.

Q: What is acute cerebellar ataxia? 
A: Acute cerebellar ataxia refers to a sudden onset of ataxia that can have various causes, including infections, immune reactions, toxins, vitamin deficiencies, and metabolic diseases. The most common acute form in children is post-infectious acute cerebellar ataxia, which typically occurs after a viral infection. Most children with this form recover completely within two weeks. 

Q: Is cerebellar ataxia hereditary? 
A: There are some forms of cerebellar ataxia which are hereditary. They are caused by a faulty gene. The most common type of hereditary cerebellar ataxia is Friedreich’s ataxia. 

Q: What are the end stages of cerebellar ataxia? 
A: In the end stages of cerebellar ataxia, the symptoms will be more severe than in the beginning of the condition due to the damage to the cerebellum. 

Q: How to test for cerebellar ataxia
A: If your healthcare provider suspects that you may be suffering from cerebellar ataxia, then there are a few tests which can be done in order to confirm the diagnosis. These tests can include bloodwork, urine tests, an MRI or CT scan, a lumbar puncture, an EMG, and genetic testing.